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Source Attribution


Corporate Emissions

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Carbon Majors: 2024 Data Update

February 2026
Carbon Majors
Carbon Majors
The Carbon Majors database published an update reflecting sources of over 30 Gt CO2 equivalent of greenhouse gases emitted in 2024 and tracking new trends.Read More →

Quantifying the regional to global climate impacts of individual fossil fuel projects to inform decision-making

October 2025
Nerilie J. Abram, Nicola Maher, Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Georgina M. Falster, Terry P. Hughes, Katrin J. Meissner, Louise J. Slater, Andrew D. King, Andrew J. Pitman, Gillian Moon & Wesley Morgan
Nature - NPJ Climate Action
This peer-reviewed study evaluates the warming attributable to individual project-level fossil fuel projects for the purpose of risk assessments and project approval, offering a science-based tool for decisionmakers.Read More →

Carbon majors and the scientific case for climate liability

April 2025
Christopher W. Callahan, Justin S. Mankin
Nature
This peer-reviewed article outlines a transparent, reproducible and flexible framework to formalize how end-to-end attribution could inform litigation by assessing whose emissions are responsible for which harms.Read More →

Global Methane Tracker 2024 Report

March 2024
IEA
IEA
This report summarizes 2023 updates to the International Energy Agency's Global Methane Tracker.Read More →

Greenhouse Gases Emissions: Estimating Corporate Non-Reported Emissions Using Interpretable Machine Learning

February 2023
Jérémi Assael, Thibaut Heurtebize, Laurent Carlier, François Soupé
Sustainability
This study presents a novel interpretable machine learning model designed to estimate Scope 1 and Scope 2 GHG emissions for companies that do not report them by using data from the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) database. Read More →

How Much Have the Oil Supermajors Contributed to Climate Change? Estimating the Carbon Footprint of the Oil Refining and Petroleum Products Sales Sectors

March 2022
Jiarui Chen, Perrine Toledano, Martin Dietrich Brauch
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI)
This report evaluates the contributions of oil supermajors to climate change by estimating the carbon footprint of the oil refining and petroleum products sales sectors through using quantitative methods and open-source models.Read More →

Path of Toxic Pollution: How Making “Forever Chemicals” for Food Packaging Threatens People and the Climate

September 2021
Erika Schreder and Beth Kemler
Toxic-Free Future
This report assesses the greenhouse gas emissions and public health impacts from one food packaging manufacturer.Read More →

Benchmarking Methane and Other GHG Emissions Of Oil & Natural Gas Production in the United States

June 2021
Robert LaCount, Tom Curry, Luke Hellgren, Pye Russell
Clean Air Task Force
Data on U.S. oil and gas production are combined to facilitate comparing emissions performance metrics for oil and gas producers. Read More →

Rhetoric and frame analysis of ExxonMobil’s climate change communications

May 2021
Geoffrey Supran; Naomi Oreskes
One Earth
ExxonMobil shapes public discourse on climate change using patterns that mimic the tobacco industry's documented strategy of shifting responsibility away from corporations.Read More →

Attributing Ocean Acidification to Major Carbon Producers

December 2019
Licker, R, B Ekwurzel, S C Doney, S R Cooley, I D Lima, R Heede, and P C Frumhoff
Environmental Research Letters
This paper has informed societal considerations of the climate responsibilities of these major industrial carbon producers.Read More →

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