Summary/Abstract
Due to enhanced impacts of compound events, the importance of assessing climate change impacts on extremes from a multivariate perspective has recently been receiving considerable attention. This study provides a state-of-the-art review of compound events from the perspective of the dependence of multiple contributing variables, based on both synthetic data sets and observations. The cause of dependence, the relationship between dependence and likelihoods of compound events, and changes in risks associated with dependence changes are reviewed, with the illustration of two typical examples of compound dry–hot events and compound flooding events. Also discussed are related topics, including impacts of sample sizes, multivariate bias correction of dependence, and separating driving factors of compound event changes. Insights provided by this study will be useful for building resilience to cope with compound extremes under changing climate.